An independent research digest on the GLOW peptide blend — GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500, read through the literature.
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GLOW Peptide Research References and Citations

GLOW Peptide References

Complete citation list for all research cited on this site. GLOW peptide constituent studies are organized by finding ID and sorted by publication year. Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered entry below. DOIs and PubMed or PMC links are provided for independent verification.

  1. Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Letters. 1988. ↗
  2. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018. ↗
  3. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015. ↗
  4. Zhou XM, Wang GL, Wang XB, et al. GHK Peptide Inhibits Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Suppressing TGFbeta1/Smad-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2017. ↗
  5. Lee WJ, Sim HB, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Yim SH. Efficacy of a Complex of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine Peptide on Hair Growth. Annals of Dermatology. 2016. ↗
  6. Mao S, Huang J, Li J, et al. Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025. ↗
  7. Chen H, Yang P, Xue P, et al. Food-Derived Tripeptide-Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing. Biomaterials Research. 2025. ↗
  8. Seiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021. ↗
  9. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014. ↗
  10. Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, Japjec M, Bojanic I, Boban Blagaic A, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025. ↗
  11. Bajramagic S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats — A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024. ↗
  12. Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024. ↗
  13. Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, Hasoon JJ, Lee W, Dave K, Amirdelfan K, Burke HW, Christo PJ, Robinson CL. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026. ↗
  14. He F, Feng X, Guo J, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. ↗
  15. Philp D, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2004. ↗
  16. Tokura Y, Nakayama Y, Fukada S, et al. Muscle injury-induced thymosin beta4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts. Journal of Biochemistry. 2011. ↗
  17. Xing Y, Ye Y, Zuo H, Li Y. Progress on the Function and Application of Thymosin beta4. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021. ↗
  18. Wang X, Liu L, Qi L, et al. A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, single- and multiple-dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin beta4 in healthy Chinese volunteers. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2021. ↗
  19. Spurney CF, Cha HJ, Sali A, et al. Evaluation of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Function after Chronic Administration of Thymosin beta-4 in the Dystrophin Deficient Mouse. PLoS ONE. 2010. ↗
  20. Ho EN, Kwok WH, Lau MY, et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin beta4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2012. ↗
  21. Tucker M, Keely A, Park JY, Rosenfeld M, Wezeman J, Mangalindan R, Ratner D, Ladiges W. Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice. bioRxiv (preprint). 2023. ↗
  22. He Q, Mazzola J, Ladiges W. The naturally occurring peptide GHK reverses age-related fibrosis by modulating myofibroblast function. Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics. 2024. ↗
  23. Mortazavi SM, Mohammadi Vadoud SA, Moghimi HR. Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective. BioImpacts. 2024. ↗